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Myeloma Diagnosis: Looking for Specific Immunoglobulins
Multiple myeloma (MM) is diagnosed through a series of blood tests, x-rays, urinalysis and examination of bone marrow cells. MM produces distinct results on these tests, making diagnosis relatively straightforward once suspected.

Gel Electrophoresis: Blood Tests for IgA and IgG Antibodies

Blood Serum test showing normal antibody range and an antibody spike indicating myeloma.Blood tests that measure the level of white blood cells can return normal results even when multiple myeloma is present. A test called gel electrophoresis examines the blood for abnormal immunoglobulin levels: specifically, for high levels of IgA or IgG antibodies.

To conduct a gel electrophoresis test, a technician spreads a blood sample over agar gel and then applies an electrical current to the sample. This procedure separates proteins into distinct groups. The lab results may indicate a "spike" or overabundance of one immunoglobulin type. This spike is referred to as a monoclonal component, or simply M component.

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Diagnosis
Taking blood tests, performing a urinalysis and sampling bone marrow are essential parts of the process of diagnosing multiple myeloma.

Complications
If multiple myeloma is left untreated, patients will generally die within 18 months. Blood disorders are also among the complications of multiple myeloma.

 
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